No one knows their purpose, or why they were created. One of the most spectacular is the Serpent Mound in Ohio. "10 Ancient American Civilizations." Through these contacts, the Hopewell were able to gather a large number of materials including sharks teeth, obsidian, shells, mica, and copper. April 6th - 18th, 2019 - Join Khemitologists, Researchers, and Explorers as they examine the evidence and discuss the remarkable indications of what is possibly the world's greatest . The home is listed on the. But at 75 feet in diameter, Wyomings Bighorn Medicine Wheel is the biggest. Largest heiau remaining on the Island of Kauai and one of the largest surviving temple platforms in the Hawaiian Islands. By the 15th century, many American civilizations had come and gone long before but many were still vast and thriving. Throughout Spains control over the region, the Palace served as the Spanish seat of government and when New Mexico was annexed as a U.S. territory, the Palace became New Mexicos first territorial capital. Oldest surviving public building in Boston. After all, these architectural masterpieces were erected in destinations that were once home to massive civilizations thousands of years ago. Still in use:Yes. Further excavation turned up tools similar to those used by the once-local Tequesta people, and radio-carbon testing suggests the site is nearly 3,000 years old. They are generally considered to be the ancestors of most of the indigenous cultures of North and South America. Still a private residence. The Rinks say that even after the house is sold, they will continue to take care of the house and give tours. 81, Hyland House website retrieved on May 11, 2009, Last edited on 27 February 2023, at 04:16, List of burial mounds in the United States, Main Street Historic District (Roslyn, New York). The Taos Pueblo, officially called Pueblo de Taos, was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992 and was declared a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 1960. Although no one knows for sure how old the Acoma community is,archaeologists agree that the Pueblo has been continuously occupied since at least 1200 AD. Well, you should think no further than the U.S. itself, because spread across this country are great numbers of ancient archeological sites. Location:Santa Fe, New Mexico But a new carbon date in 2014 put it back in the range of the Adena culture, at around 300 BCE. In this area, they were the first people to transition from hunting and gathering to creating settlements and farming. One of the oldest Cathedrals in the United States; the oldest Cathedral in Texas. Date: c. 1610 1626 This article lists the oldest buildings in the United States and its territories. Also known as the East Bay Walls, the Berkeley Mystery Walls are a series of stone walls running in a rough path through the Bay Area of California, from Berkeley to San Jose. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement and Your California Privacy Rights. One of the oldest timber-frame houses in America. A Federal-style structure said to be the oldest surviving building in, The mansion served as the de facto capitol of the Southwest Territory. Oldest masonry fortification in the United States. Oldest house in the city of Boston. What she found was considered to be a history changer. Built by the Poverty Point Culture, its filled with mounds and concentric rings made of earth that take up some 900 acres, and millions of artifacts have been found onsite. It also poses a bit of a mysterysince the mound itself has so far turned up noartifacts relatingto a particular culture. Currently being used as Accelerated Schools since 1977. The Adena culture is a broad term relating to a pre-Columbian Native American group spread across Ohio, West Virginia, Kentucky, and Indiana. Around 100 CE, the Ancestral Puebloans (also known as the Anasazi, a Navajo word that has been translated as "the ancient enemy") civilization developed in the Four Corners region of the U.S. Spanning some 1,500 years, their history is long and varied; around 750 CE, the construction of large buildings like those at Chaco Canyon began, and around K. Kris Hirst is an archaeologist with 30 years of field experience. Concrete and brick were used extensively in the buildings. It shows the differences between historic farming and Native American stonework. Warlike, intractable, and aggressive, the Aztecs conquered much of Central America. By Megan Gannon. More than 3,000 years ago, an ancient American civilization known only as the Poverty Point culture constructed a gigantic, multi-rowed half circle of earthen mounds over a span of 910 acres near the Mississippi River flood plain in Louisiana. [50] [51] The Sialk ziggurat was built around 3000 BC. One of the oldest plantation homes in the South and perhaps the oldest building in the Mississippi Valley, It is believed to be the oldest known brick, Oldest remaining colonial proprietary governor's residence in the original, Oldest structure in Pittsburgh. During the 18thcentury a large addition was added to the house and a wooden floor was added in around 1730. 10 Oldest State Capitol Buildings in the U.S. Teotihuacan was a city of pyramids. Currently located on the property at 53 Jeffrey's Neck Rd where it was moved in the twentieth century from another location: "originally located at 88-90 High Street [where it was] the earliest of the three First Period structures on the site, dating to before 1646"; House is believed to date from 1646. Upon Rebeccas departure, the Fairbanks family members established the Fairbanks Family in America, Inc. to purchase the house and preserve it for future generations. One of the oldest stone buildings in New England, now a nonprofit museum. Starting around 800 CE, the extremely sophisticated Mississippians began building mounds near what is now St. Louis, Missouri. Location: North of the modern city of Taos, New Mexico Probably constructed between 1723 and 1790. Theyre often characterized by their distinctly-shaped tools, especially their laurel-shaped Clovis points. Oldest federal building built for the United States west of the Mississippi River. This ancient city covers staggering twenty square kilometers with a dense urban center of six square kilometers. Date: 1610 Buildings have been within the United States since the Mexican Cession of 1848. A rare brick house of the period. Winner will be selected at random on 04/01/2023. Deacon Thomas Kendall was among the earliest settlers of the area, and an influential member of the community, serving as a selectman, commissioner, and deacon of the church for 36 years. Settlements were governed by priest-rulers, and are famous for their enormous public worksmounds that dominate the landscape today. and 1500 A.D. For a long time, scientists believed that the Clovis were the first humans to people the Americasuntil sites in the 1970s began to throw this theory into question. The capital of the Tiwanaku Empire was situated on the shores of Lake Titicaca on both sides of the border between what today is Peru and Bolivia. Said to be the oldest continuously inhabited site in the United States. Famous as the site of the 1778 Newtown Skirmish during which, Built by John Woodward in what is now the Waban neighborhood, this is one of the oldest homes in Newton. Later, it became a mosque and today it serves as one of the most beautiful museum of not only the country, but also the world. America's history began long before 1776. Ancient structures and monuments typically call to mind places like Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, where old stone castles, temples, and walls have been intriguing archaeologists since the beginning of archaeology. In fact, it's the most visited castle in all of Japan. Founded between 1927 and the late 1950s,, Germany is a land of beauty and history. Oldest English-built house in Pennsylvania; only extant building known to have been visited by. The site was abandoned nearly half a century before Columbuss voyage to the Americas, long after the nearby Hopi had moved away, and was too ruined for early Spanish explorers to do their own investigating into what it was. In this top list we examine some of the most intriguing ancient stones ever discovered in North America. Said to be the oldest continuously inhabited houses still occupied. This all seemed to start with an accomplished marine biologist from Harvard University, Dr. Barry Fell. The Mount Carbon structures are hardly the only enigmatic structures found in the United States, however. Historic cabin and one of the last historical dwellings in. Chetro Ketl was built over an extended period beginning in AD 990, with construction largely completed by AD 1075. 6 min read. . There are several medicine wheel monuments scattered around North America, with stones arranged in a wheel shapea structure sacred to several tribes across the northern Great Plains. Mummy Cave 8.3 12. More than 3,000 years old, Poverty Point is a mysterious site found in northeastern Louisiana. Not tested yet using dendrochronology. Built by Thomas Halsey, an English pioneer, the house is now a museum. ANCIENT STRUCTURES IN NORTH AMERICA Prehistoric sites in the Southeast - 4500 BCE. Pueblo Grande 13 17. Built in 1333, Himeji Castle is the largest castle in Japan and is regarded as the finest example of Japanese castle architecture. Chetro Ketl is an archaeological site, and the ancient ruins of an Ancestral Puebloan settlement, located in the Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, United States of America. It is listed on the, Oldest lighthouse on the American coasts of the. More than 3,000 years ago, the birds appeared in unexpected places. You know what these landmarks are, right? 1. (2021, July 29). and 1200 A.D. ohiohistory.org/, Like Cahokia, Poverty Point is a collection of mounds and ridges that once formed an ancient city, whose construction began around 1500 B.C. Original Purpose: Church The best-known civilization in the Americas, I'll wager, is the Aztec civilization, largely because they were at the height of their power and influence when the Spanish arrived. Despite knowing all this, though, no one exactly knows what the site was used for, or why it was eventually abandoned. And, in the case of Blackwater Draw, you can actually visit a place where some of the first Americans left their mark some 11,000 years ago. Although locals sometimes call this Americas Stonehenge, Mystery Hill bears little resemblance to the English megalith. For some interesting perspective, at roughly the same time, someone in France was molding bison sculptures in the Le Tuc dAudoubert cave; about 1,000 years later, wooly rhinos went extinct. Thought to be 9,000 years old, the structure has been dubbed Michigan's equivalent of Stonehenge. After analyzing several ancient Egyptian . After that, the house was passed down through eight generations of the Fairbanks family until 1904 when Rebecca Fairbanks was the last person to live in the house. Possibly the oldest stone house in Pennsylvania. You can visit the mounds and the recently-renovated museum, which houses many of the sites artifacts. This great ancient structures of the world is located in Turkey. However,there are two burial mounds nearby that areattributed to the Adena culture (800 BCE 100 CE), and some believe that they are also responsible for the Serpent Mound. Like us on Facebook to get the latest on the world's hidden wonders. The Wari state was located in the central Andes mountains of Peru, and their impact on the succeeding civilizations is remarkable, seen at sites like Pachacamac. There, where the Middlle Andian plateau is now stretched, rich by fish sea earlier lapped, and climate was tropical. Himeji Castle - Japan. The original adobe walls and altar were built by the. The structures include stone chambers, cairns, standing stones, enclosures, ceremonial walls, pedestal boulders (dolmens), balanced rocks, and niches. All rights reserved. America's Stonehenge is a 30-acre complex of standing stones, underground chambers and stone walls in North Salem, N.H. As the largest collection of stone structures in North America, it includes dolmens, or horizontal stone slabs on vertical stone uprights. Date: c. 1638 1643 Its also unclear who made them. It is known for its scenic view it gets, especially during the nights. Mansion built by French colonialists in the, Oldest building in Wisconsin still located at its original site. The Palace was built for Pedro de Peralta, who founded the city of Santa Fe, New Mexico and was the governor of the Spanish territory in what is now the American Southwest. Our land has a vibrant and ancient history. All of them are still in use today, mostly as historical house museums. The Meadowcroft Rockshelter is thought to have been a campsite as early as 16,000 years ago. Pumapunku also called "Puma Pumku" or "Puma Puncu", is part of a large temple complex or monument group that is part of the Tiwanaku. Archaeologists have found traces of structures that were built on top of the pyramids resembling altars or miniature rooms. Still in use:Yes. Robert Coles was one of the "Five Proprietors of the Musketa Cove Patent" and was the first to build his homestead at what is now 34 The Place. The capital is also known for its astronomical observatory Building J and Los Danzantes, a stunning carved record of captive and slain warriors and kings. Built below overhanging cliffs by the Ancestral Puebloans, cliff dwellings can be found throughout Mesa Verde National Park. Built to commemorate the first president of the United States, Oldest documented building still standing in, The oldest American buildings still standing in, Oldest surviving skyscraper in the world. The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Cond Nast. The 10 Most Interesting Unknown Ancient Empires, Monte Alban - Capital City of the Zapotec Civilization, Tiwanaku Empire - Ancient City and Imperial State in South America, Biography of Francisco Pizarro, Spanish Conqueror of the Inca, Consequences of the Conquest of the Aztecs, Cempoala: Totonac Capital and Ally of Hernan Cortes. Five stand-out buildings from American history are based on ancient Greek architecture, most of them standing proud in Washington, D.C., the U.S. capital and home of the president and the congressional office buildings. Most scholars credit Massachusetts Dighton Rock to the local pre-Columbian tribes, and one of the petroglyphs does resemble a mark on a similar rock in Vermont. The House is dated from 1670/71. The State of Florida now owns the plot, which still sits at the waters edge beside a series of high-rises, to protect it from developers. Los Alamos, NM: The Gateway to 3 National Parks. Roman architecture found many new materials and invented new forms. The city, located in a desert plain in Northern Peru, was the seat of the Kingdom of Chimor, which dominated Peru for centuries before the emergence of the Incas.It remains the largest adobe city on earth and is a spectacular record of the society and . Known for their unique writing system (called the quipu), a magnificent road system, and the lovely ceremonial center called Machu Picchu, the Inca also had some pretty interesting burial customs and an amazing ability to build earthquake-proof buildings. ThoughtCo, Jul. When you think of ancient ruins, you might picture the Great Wall of China, the Colosseum in Rome, the Mayan ruins in Machu Picchu, the mighty pyramids of Giza, or what's left of the Acropolis in Athens. A 1904 archaeologist suggested they were built by Mongolian sailors whod come to the California coast well before the time of Columbus, but his theory seems to have been based more on wishful thinking than scholarship. The site, which is a tell made by people, was first excavated in 1994 and its construction is dated to . The Richard Sparrow House is a historical house that dates back to around 1640 and is the oldest surviving house in Plymouth, Massachusetts. The hemisphere-like shape known as the stupa is a common sight in Buddhist architecture, and Sanchi Stupa is perhaps the most famous of the ancient examples. This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 04:16. This includes their amazing complex artwork (particularly murals), their advanced water control system, and their graceful pyramids. One of the oldest houses in Rhode Island, now a museum. Searching for the slave ship Guerrero, the nonprofit Diving With a Purpose has also trained scores of young Black men and women to find and tell stories once lost to the waves. Offer available only in the U.S. (including Puerto Rico). 8 Tallest Buildings in Denver. Tiwanacu and Puma Punku Tiwanaku (Spanish: Tiahuanaco and Tiahuanacu) is an important Pre-Columbian archaeological site in western Bolivia, South America. But the Cherokee are working with visitors and researchers to give them access while still preserving the stone. Nazca Lines. Want to see the one of the most important pre-Columbian cultural and historical areas in the U.S.? One of the most mysterious ancient ruins in Peru are the Nazca Lines. One of the largest is the Great Serpent Mound in Ohio, which is 1,300 feet long. The United States Capitol, home of the U.S. Congress, and the seat of the legislative . While not as little known as the Armstrong Mountain walls, the Serpent Mound is still mysterious and and intriguing. At its peak, it was a thriving . It is located at 51 Linebrook Road and was dated using dendrochronology in 2006, Oldest church in continuous ecclesiastical use in the United States; only remaining 17th-century. In direct competition with Tiwanaku was the Wari (also spelled Huari) state. Benjamin Flagg, it is the oldest remaining home in Worcester. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The society also owns the Sgt. Largest cliff dwelling in North America. Oldest windmill built in the United States. Unfortunately, no one knew where he ended up. Here are some examples of the ancient sites and monuments that were built to align with the solstices or equinoxes. Location:Santa Fe, New Mexico This is a map of just a few of the larger and still visible man-made ancient sites in North America - for each site shown there are hundreds . 2023 Atlas Obscura. Expertly constructed of mortar-free masonry and covered with earth, these strange structuressome astronomically alignedare found nowhere else in North America. aka as the Edwin Hunt House at 8 Hounds Ditch Lane; House is believed to date from 1641. The house was built by James Smith, a recent, One of the oldest houses in Old Deerfield, although extensively remodeled in the 19th century. One of Central America's most spectacular ancient cities, Chichn Itz was founded around the 6th century AD by the Maya people of the Yucatn Peninsula. India, 300 B.C. The nearby. One of the oldest houses in Boston. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Your email address will not be published. Keep up to date with our latest rankings and articles! https://www.thoughtco.com/top-ancient-american-civilizations-169511 (accessed March 5, 2023). In May 1668, Joseph Carpenter of Rhode Island negotiated with the Matinecock Indians to purchase several hundred acres of land on which to build a saw mill and grist mill in what was then Musketa Cove. All rights reserved. Built in French Canadian style. The capital city of the Zapotec Civilization is Monte Alban in the valley of Oaxaca in central Mexico. List of the oldest buildings in the United States, LOCATING 17TH CENTURY HOMESITES IN DUXBURY: A preliminary Assessment Prepared by Craig S. Chartier, Plymouth Archaeological Rediscovery Project, for The Duxbury Rural and Historical Society. Besides the massive rock overhang where the humans lived, which is sheltered under a massive building, the site also is host to several interpretive villages from other eras of its occupation, including a 16th century Eastern Woodland Indian Village and a 19th century villagemeaning you more or less get to time travel across thousands of years and put yourself where humans ancient and modern once walked. 1. This massive earthwork is in the shape of a snake swallowing the sun. Through proprietary research studies, engaging articles and original photography and video, we examine topics related to community amenities, education, sustainability, transportation, housing and the economy. The site, which was later named Cahokia, was part of one of the greatest cities of the worldit was larger than 1250 CELondon, having a population that may have peaked at 100,000 people. Buildings have been within the United States since the Mexican Cession of 1848. Around 100 CE, the Ancestral Puebloans (also known as the Anasazi, a Navajo word that has been translated as the ancient enemy) civilization developed in the Four Corners region of the U.S. Spanning some 1,500 years, their history is long and varied; around 750 CE, the construction of large buildings like those at Chaco Canyon began, and around 1150, they began to create cliff dwellings. St. John's Episcopal Church, Richmond, Va. Danish West India and Guinea Company Warehouse, Church of the Holy Family (Cahokia, Illinois), Tohono Oodham San Xavier Indian Reservation, St. John's Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square, List of the oldest buildings in California, List of the oldest buildings in Connecticut, List of the oldest buildings in Louisiana, List of the oldest buildings in Massachusetts, List of the oldest buildings in Minnesota, List of the oldest buildings in Mississippi, List of the oldest buildings in New Hampshire, List of the oldest buildings in New Jersey, List of the oldest buildings in New Mexico, List of the oldest buildings in North Carolina, List of the oldest buildings in North Dakota, List of the oldest buildings in Pennsylvania, List of the oldest buildings in Puerto Rico, List of the oldest buildings in Rhode Island, List of the oldest buildings in South Carolina, List of the oldest buildings in South Dakota, List of the oldest buildings in Tennessee, List of the oldest buildings in Washington (state), List of the oldest buildings in West Virginia, List of the oldest buildings in Wisconsin, List of the oldest buildings in the world, List of the oldest churches in the United States, List of the oldest synagogues in the United States, "History & Culture Chaco Culture National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)", "Take a look at 10 of the oldest homes in N.J.", "New Jersey log cabin, believed to be oldest in U.S., is for sale", https://www.marshfield-ma.gov/historical-commission/pages/house-survey, https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5b16b2389772aeb3c1acfbc1/t/5c658bd77817f7b5b388e15a/1550158807829/Hunt%2C+Edmond+1641_1968.08.pdf, https://historicipswich.org/shatswell-planters-cottage-jeffreys-neck-road/, "Plaques help mark Sandwich history | Sandwich Historical Commission", "The Story of the Farris Windmill-Oldest Windmill No Longer on Cape Cod", "50 Most Significantly Historic Houses and Structures in Virginia Beach", "Virginia Beach Public Library's Digital Archives", "Jersey City's oldest house.in Westfield? At one point, the land that the Acoma Pueblo was on totaled about 5,000,000 acres, but the today, the Acoma tribe only retains about 10% percent of this land, forming the Acoma Indian Reservation. The Hopewell culture flourished near what is now Chillicothe, Ohio between 200 BCE and 500 CE. Last surviving resident of the Ephrata Cloister religious community died on July 27, 2008, at the age of 98. Built on the site of an earlier structure built in c. 1662, it is among the oldest houses in Maine. Occupied around 1000-1450 CE, Moundville Archaeological Park is believed to be the regional political and ceremonial center of the Mississippian culture. It is listed on the. Required fields are marked *. Currently. Nearby, theSerpent Mound Museum offers loads of information about the site, the geographical history of the area, and the Adena culture. An eye-opening journey through the history, culture, and places of the culinary world. The original area of Deerfield has been preserved and is listed on the. Although some have been destroyed, 80 remain, they cover an area of roughly six square miles and they are one of only 21 World Heritage sites that exist within the United States. https://www.marquette.edu/st-joan-of-arc-chapel/history.php, Because it wasnt in America until the 1960s So being here and continuously inhabited for only 50 some odd years doesnt fit this lists criteria, Your email address will not be published. Of the remainder, 77% have been supported by scientific research, and the 20% that remain could be verified in the future. You know what these landmarks are, right? When you think of ancient sites, where does your mind go first? Layer by Layer: A Mexico City Culinary Adventure, Sacred Granaries, Kasbahs and Feasts in Morocco, Monster of the Month: The Hopkinsville Goblins, Writing the Food Memoir: A Workshop With Gina Rae La Cerva, Reading the Urban Landscape With Annie Novak, How to Grow a Dye Garden With Aaron Sanders Head, Making Scents: Experimental Perfumery With Saskia Wilson-Brown, Indigenous Desserts of Turtle Island With Mariah Gladstone, University of Massachusetts Entomology Collection, The Frozen Banana Stands of Balboa Island, The Paratethys Sea Was the Largest Lake in Earths History, How Communities Are Uncovering Untold Black Histories, The Medieval Thieves Who Used Cats, Apes, and Turtles as Accomplices, A British Tunnel Network Designed to Shelter 60,000 Opens for the First Time in 75 Years, How to Reconstruct an Ancient Meal From Dirty Dishes Alone, The Hunt for an Elusive Florida Shipwreck That Killed 41 Enslaved People. Livability explores what makes small-to-medium sized cities great places to live. You might not associate ancient mysteries with this modern city, but the oldest permanent prehistoric structure in the Eastern United States was actually found right in the middle of downtown Miami in 1998, when an apartment building was demolished to make way for new condominiums. Built as protection against invaders more than 2,100 years ago, the city had fresh water, stables, wineries and oil presses. Elements of some Brazilian pyramids resemble those that have been found on some Central American pyramids. The south section, which may have originally been the home of Hurd's son, was added to the older structure in 1718, to increase the overall size of the house. The United States is a relative newcomer to the world stage, but there have been people long living on this continent, and theyve left traces of their presence just as mysterious as those found in other countries. Today the main building is under a protective roof built by Civil Conservation Corps workers in the 1930s, and the full ruins are a federally protected national parkthe first prehistoric ruins to become such a park in the United States. Location: Guilford, Connecticut Serpent Mound is the largest serpent effigy in the world, coming in at 1,348 feet long. They were also master makers of textiles and ceramic pottery. So before you spend thousands of dollars to see sites abroad, why not see these sites at home? The Brazilian pyramids, however, are between 3000 and 2000 years older than some pyramids in Central America. In the center of the surrounding area are the remains of the "Long Barracks" which were constructed 20 years before the chapel. They show mere ruins of civilization. 5) Mohenjo-Daro, Indian Subcontinent (circa 2500 BC) Founded in circa 2500 BC, Mohenjo-Daro as a settlement, measuring 300 hectares in total area, is considered as the epitome of an exceptional ancient architectural feat not because of its imposing palaces and temples but rather because of its advanced urban character. Well, lets up the ante by a few thousand years. Buildings have been within the United States since the, 800 "During the middle and late 800s, the great houses of. North America is filled with sites left behind by the Paleoindians known as the Clovis cultureyou know, the people who crossed the Bering land bridge and walked between ice sheets in order to movesouthward. Oldest residential home in Michigan. The house was built by Finnish settlers in the New Sweden colony of what is now New Jersey, sometime between 1638 1643. Shane O'Brien. The oldest building in San Francisco and the oldest intact California Mission. Thus, of all of Cayce's seemingly impossible statements about ancient America, only 3% are definitely wrong. Fort originally built by the Danish, oldest building in the, Some historians consider it to be the oldest all-, Considered the oldest residential property in, Seventeenth century deeds describe this house being on, Now a tavern. The ancient Maya Civilization occupied much of the central North American continent based on the gulf coast of what is now Mexico between 2500 B.C. The ancient city was a major center from the years of 850-1250 AD. A National Historic Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Oldest frame house still standing in Pennsylvania. The continents of North and South America were "discovered" by the European civilizations in the late 15th century A.D., but people from Asia arrived in the Americas at least 15,000 years ago. Some publications still make this mistake today. The discovery of a 14,000-year-old ancient village in Canada could forever alter our understanding of early civilization in North America. The structures were created by the Ancestral Puebloans, known to the Navajo tribe as Anasazi, or the ancient enemy. The prestigious German medical examiner had been commissioned to analyze several mummies looking for traces of drug use in the rulers of ancient Egypt. Oldest continuously active. One of the oldest wood-frame houses in Connecticut still in its primitive state.